Salinity gradient power generation depends on the natural process of diffusion, or mixing. Aiming to find and develop solutions to the common crucial problems for the development of salinity gradient power the ines project. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Salinity gradient power is a promising, challenging, and readily available renewable energy. Membranebased salinity gradient processes for water. Since ionic transport depends highly on the temperature, so is the efficiency of the associate. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study which compares both techniques.
Membrane based salinity gradient processes for desalination consists of a series of chapters focused on the various types of membrane based salinity gradient processes that can be applied for desalination. Abstract an oftenoverlooked source of marine renewable energy is the energy available from salinity gradients. To understand how this can be used to generate electrical power. Furthermore, hardware and techniques being developed for ocean. Welcome to the integrated network for energy from salinity gradient power ines project website, where you will be able to find details of the project including. Both methodologies do not cause any emission of carbon dioxide co 2 or any costs for fuel as reported by jones and finley studies in the article recent development in salinity gradient power. Theoretical power density from salinity gradients using. When appropriately harnessed, this energy can be turned into power. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final. By utilizing the vapor pressure difference between highsalinity and lowsalinity wvater, one can obtain power from the gradients of salinity. It was mentioned that besides the gravitational potential, the natural runoff in coastal areas has a huge physicalchemical potential. An alternative approach to brine management with zero discharge to the environment is to concentrate salton sea water to the sodium chloride saturation level, a specific gravity of about 1.
It is estimated that an osmotic power plant the size of one american football field would provide enough energy to power 30,000 european households. The availability and predictability of salinity gradient energy is very high, and therefore makes it. Emren and bergestrom conducted an alternative approach for the energy potential calculation for the red. The present invention provides a salinity gradient power generation device which can reduce electrical resistance and increase a redox reaction site by inserting conductive foam into a space between an electrode and a separator. Sustainable energy from salinity gradients 1st edition.
One of the compartments is filled with salt water and the other with fresh water. A labscale reverse electrodialysis red unit, fed with different nacl solutions mimicking highly concentrated. Department of materials science and engineering, university of maryland, college park, md, 20742 usa. This byproduct is the result of natural forces that. Topics cover salinity gradient processes for desalination, such as forward osmosis fo and pressure retarded osmosis pro, with chapters selected exclusively from a number of worldleading experts. Recent developments improved the experimentally obtained power density i. Sources of renewable energy can be found in unexpected places, and one of the less wellknown processes currently being researched is the generation of osmotic power, or salinity gradient power. The present work explores the potential of a novel red apewe system for hydrogen production driven by sgp as a nonintermittent renewable energy source. A solar pond is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores solar thermal energy. A journey through the different stages in the evolution of osmotic power, since the early days of pressure retarded osmosis pro to the latest developments. This potential is the result of the salinity gradient between the. Two main technology types, reverse electrodialysis red and pressureretarded osmosis pro, make use of semipermeable. Salinity gradient power an overview sciencedirect topics.
Salinity gradient power sgp is a new type of clean energy. As such, salinity gradient energy can be stored and used when the power production from sun and wind is at a low level. Salinity gradient energy is a renewable energy source that was recognized already in the 1950s 1. The second brine management method considered is salinity gradient power generation through pressureretarded osmosis pro, which utilizes the brines high concentration to produce useful work while reducing its concentration by mixing the brine with a lower salinity stream in a controlled manner. Salinity gradient power generation is not a new principle. Blue energy salinity gradient power acciona imnovation. This article analyses pressure retarded osmosis, a technology available to harness salinity gradient energy, and discusses possibilities for the exploitation of salinity energy in australia. The energy released from 1 m3 fresh water is comparable to the energy released by the same m3 falling over a height of 260 m. Supplementary information generation from salinity solar. Salinity gradient energy has been estimated to be the second largest marinebased energy source, with a total estimated global potential for power production placed at 1. Salinity gradient solar technologies is a generic name given to the application of salinity gradient in a body of water for the purpose of collecting and storing solar energy. Finley oceanus consulting wader, llc 22 battery st. Gradient power generation with ionized wood membranes.
The idea for spreading the technology includes creating osmotic power plants in the basements of existing factories where rivers run into the sea. Furthermore, hardware and techniques being developed for. Among various methods for harvesting this clean energy, nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis nred is of great potential. University of groningen salinitygradient power post, jan. Pdf recent development in salinity gradient power researchgate. To understand how this can be used to generate electrical power, imagine a special box, divided into two compartments, as shown in figure 14. Salinity gradient power integrated network for energy. By mixing artificial seawater and river water through the idm, substantially high power density of up to 3. Forgacs applied the equation for the extraction of salinity gradient power for the red. Salinity gradient power driven water electrolysis for. Energy production potential from salinity gradient sgp for hooghly estuary region have not been reported yet. Membranebased salinity gradient processes for water treatment and power generation focuses on the various types of membrane based salinity gradient processes that can be applied for desalination.
Previous studies on nanofluidic salinity gradient power nsgp, where energy associated with the salinity gradient can be harvested with ion. Electrical energy generated from inevitable entropy increase of mixing of two solutions of different salt concentrations 1,2. The saltwater naturally forms a vertical salinity gradient also known as a halocline, in which lowsalinity water floats on top of highsalinity water. Salinity gradient power sgp is based on the chemical potential difference between concentrated and dilute salt solutions. Salinity gradient power sgp global warming and energy shortage helped creating interest in development of renewable energy.
Determination of salinity gradient power potential in. The potential of salinity gradient power is considerable. The method we tested gave higher conversion efficiencies than membrane methods. Salinity gradient power by reverse electrodialysis. One type of salinity gradient solar technoloogy is called the salinty gradient solar pond, and considerable research has been devoted to solar pond development. Recent developments in salinity gradient power wader, llc.
By using engineered processes to control the mixing, chemical energy stored in salinity gradients can be harnessed for useful work. Two practical methods for this are reverse electrodialysis red and pressure retarded osmosis pro. Potential power production from salinity gradient at the. The concept of extracting energy by using the difference of salinity between two water bodies has been discovered in the early 70s by sydney loeb 1. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Combining two solutions of different composition releases the gibbs free energy of mixing. Kr20150002365a salinity gradient electric generating. Pdf salinity gradient powerreverse electrodialysis and. There are important contributions to the basics understanding the electric energy generation by re method in 36,37. To this end, the salinity gradient power generation device of the present invention comprises. Presentation at the integrated network for energy from salinity gradient power symposium. Topics cover salinity gradient processes for desalination, such as forward osmosis fo and pressure retarded osmosis pro, with chapters selected exclusively from a number of world.
Reverse electrodialysis re can thus be used to produce electricity by a sgpre unit. The availability and predictability of salinity gradient energy is very high, and therefore makes it a solid baseload energy source. Salinitygradient energy, blue energy, reverse electrodialysis, pressureretarded osmosis, power. We first introduce the concept of salinity gradient. In this work, innovative use of salinity gradient power sgp as renewable energy source for indirect production of hydrogen is addressed. Salinity gradient technologies generate electricity from the chemical pressure differential created by differences in ionic concentration between freshwater and seawater. Pressureretarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis are the most frequently studied membranebased processes for energy conversion of salinity gradient energy. Reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient power generation. The selective and rectified ion transport furthermore sheds light on salinity gradient power generation. According the estimates of power available in the world salinity gradients energy are estimated between 1.
1012 1117 641 1007 1061 1162 303 1519 11 795 1453 393 60 375 403 499 926 707 899 576 1242 1184 1115 154 999 993 1112 325 1414 69